a. 2⁵-2⁴-2³-2²-2-1=32-16-8-4-2-1=1
b. 3⁵- 2.3⁴ -2.3³-2.3²-2.3-2= 243-2x (3⁴-3³-3²-3-1) = 243 - 2 x(81-27-9-3-1)=
=243 -2x41 = 243 - 82 = 161
c. 4⁵-3.4⁴-3.4³-3.4²-3.4-3 = 4⁵- 3 (4⁴-4³-4²-4-1) = 4⁵- 3.(256-64-16-4-1)
= 1024 - 3.171 = 1024-513=511
d, 5⁵-4.5⁴-4.5³-4.5²-4.5-4 = 5⁵- 4 (5⁴-5³-5²-5-1)= 3125-4.(625-125-25-5-1)=
=3125-4.469 = 3125-1876 = 1249